Horror has always resonated deeply with the LGBT community, offering both a mirror to personal fears and a canvas for broader societal critique. There are two primary types of horror: internalized and externalized. Internalized horror, such as in “The Babadook,” delves into personal traumas and fears, which can be particularly poignant for LGBT individuals dealing with internalized homophobia.
On the other hand, externalized horror features monsters and societal threats, reflecting the oppression faced by LGBT people. Classic horror has long embraced queer themes, from the misunderstood creatures in “Frankenstein” and “Bride of Frankenstein” to the sexual repression in “Dracula” and “Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.”
Classic horror has long embraced queer themes, from the misunderstood creatures in “Frankenstein” and “Bride of Frankenstein” to the sexual repression in “Dracula” and “Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.”
The 1970s and 80s brought more explicit queer representation in horror, with Anne Rice’s “The Vampire Chronicles” and films like “Fright Night.” These works featured vampires with homoerotic undertones, providing a subversive commentary on societal norms.
The Hays Code era used monsters to subtly comment on issues like persecution, as seen in “Creature from the Black Lagoon.” “Psycho” introduced the concept of the human monster, reflecting inner turmoil and external judgment faced by LGBT individuals.
Directors like Clive Barker pushed boundaries with films like “Hellraiser,” integrating bold queer narratives. Today, independent horror continues to be a rich ground for queer cinema, with movies like “Knife + Heart” and “They/Them” bringing unapologetic LGBT stories to the forefront. Horror’s enduring appeal to the LGBT community lies in its ability to transform fears into stories of resilience and empowerment, making it a vital space for queer storytelling.
The Unlikely Beginning In 1971, the dimly lit corners of a grimy German nightclub became the unlikely birthplace of a cinematic legend. Amidst the cigarette smoke and clinking glasses, Liza Minnelli found herself questioning her decision to be part of a project that seemed destined for obscurity. She wasn’t alone in her doubts; the cast and crew of “Cabaret,” a low-budget musical with a queer twist, shared her apprehensions. Little did they know, the film they were creating would not only redefine the musical genre but also leave an indelible mark on popular culture for decades.
Joel Grey as the Master of Ceremonies, in the 1972 film Cabaret. Grey created the role on Broadway, and won an Oscar for his performance in the film. (Photo by ÔøΩÔøΩ John Springer Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images)
The Making of “Cabaret” “Cabaret,” directed by Bob Fosse, was an adaptation of the Broadway musical of the same name, which in turn was based on John Van Druten’s play “I Am a Camera,” itself inspired by Christopher Isherwood’s semi-autobiographical novel “Goodbye to Berlin.” The story, set in the tumultuous Weimar Republic era of Germany, revolves around the Kit Kat Klub and its enigmatic star, Sally Bowles, portrayed by Minnelli.
From the outset, the film faced numerous challenges. The budget was tight, the subject matter was daring, and the production conditions were less than ideal. Yet, these very constraints forced the creative team to innovate, resulting in a raw and authentic portrayal of a society on the brink of collapse. Fosse’s meticulous direction, combined with Minnelli’s captivating performance and Joel Grey’s unforgettable turn as the Master of Ceremonies, transformed what could have been a forgettable project into a masterpiece.
This juxtaposition of the exuberant performances in the Kit Kat Klub with the ominous political climate outside created a poignant commentary on the fragility of freedom and the dangers of complacency.
Breaking New Ground “Cabaret” broke new ground in the movie musical genre. Unlike the glossy, feel-good musicals of previous decades, it embraced a darker, more realistic aesthetic. The film’s narrative intertwined the personal with the political, using the rise of Nazism as a chilling backdrop to the characters’ lives. This juxtaposition of the exuberant performances in the Kit Kat Klub with the ominous political climate outside created a poignant commentary on the fragility of freedom and the dangers of complacency.
Minnelli’s Sally Bowles became an icon of defiance and vulnerability. Her performance of “Maybe This Time” and “Cabaret” showcased her incredible range and emotional depth, cementing her status as a star. The film’s bold exploration of themes such as sexuality, politics, and identity resonated with audiences, making it a touchstone for the LGBTQ+ community and beyond.
Cultural Impact and Legacy The impact of “Cabaret” extended far beyond the silver screen. It influenced a wide array of artistic and cultural expressions, from the musical “Chicago” to the TV show “Schitt’s Creek.” Its aesthetic and thematic elements can be seen in numerous works that followed, demonstrating its enduring relevance.
“Cabaret” also served as a stark warning. Its depiction of a society ignoring the warning signs of impending doom holds a mirror to contemporary issues, reminding us of the importance of vigilance and resistance in the face of authoritarianism. The film’s message is as timely today as it was in 1971, a testament to its powerful storytelling and prescient themes.
What began as a dubious venture in a dilapidated nightclub evolved into a cornerstone of cinematic history. “Cabaret” not only elevated its stars to iconic status but also transformed the musical genre and left a lasting impact on art and culture. Its legacy continues to inspire and caution, proving that even the most unlikely projects can achieve greatness and change the world.
In the middle of the 1950s, America was captivated by Rock Hudson. The dashing star, with his commanding presence and impeccable charm, was ranked as the #1 box office draw in the country. His films, filled with romantic escapades and comedic mishaps, showcased an idealized version of masculinity—strong, confident, and perpetually desirable. Rock Hudson seemed to embody the quintessential American man, a paragon of romantic and physical allure that millions of fans adored. However, the reality behind Hudson’s glamorous public persona was a complex tapestry of deception, manipulation, and hidden truths.
The Rise of Rock Hudson
Born Roy Harold Scherer Jr. in 1925 in Winnetka, Illinois, Hudson’s journey to stardom was far from straightforward. His early years were marked by a lack of direction and a series of odd jobs. It wasn’t until he moved to Hollywood and adopted the name Rock Hudson that his life began to change. His striking features and natural charisma soon caught the eye of influential figures in the film industry.
By the early 1950s, Hudson had firmly established himself as a major box office draw. His performances in romantic comedies like Pillow Talk (1959) alongside Doris Day showcased a man who was not only handsome but also effortlessly charming. These roles cemented his status as a symbol of idealized masculinity in American cinema. His public image was meticulously crafted to project strength, sophistication, and a certain ideal of romantic allure.
he dissonance between his public persona and private reality was a deliberate and strategic choice, intended to protect his career and reputation in an era marked by widespread homophobia.
The Hidden Truths
Beneath the surface of Hudson’s star-studded career lay a carefully guarded secret. Rock Hudson was gay—a fact that stood in stark contrast to the image of heterosexual romanticism he portrayed on screen. In an era when Hollywood’s stars were expected to conform to conventional standards of public morality, Hudson’s sexuality was something that could not be publicly acknowledged.
The film industry, driven by a desire to maintain a certain image of its stars, engaged in a sophisticated web of deception. Hudson’s publicists, studio executives, and even his co-stars were complicit in maintaining the façade. Rumors about Hudson’s sexuality were dismissed or suppressed, and his personal life was kept under tight control to preserve his image. The dissonance between his public persona and private reality was a deliberate and strategic choice, intended to protect his career and reputation in an era marked by widespread homophobia.
The Breaking Point
The careful balance between Hudson’s public and private lives remained largely intact until the 1980s. In 1984, Hudson was diagnosed with AIDS, a disease that had begun to attract significant attention as it ravaged the gay community. His diagnosis marked the beginning of a series of events that would unravel the carefully constructed image of the ideal American man.
Hudson’s health rapidly deteriorated, and the media, now unable to ignore the truth, began reporting on his illness. The revelation of his AIDS diagnosis forced the issue of his sexuality into the public eye. The combination of his high-profile status and the stigma surrounding AIDS created a media frenzy. Hudson’s illness was a turning point in the broader conversation about LGBTQ+ issues, bringing national attention to the epidemic and the discrimination faced by those affected by it.
The Legacy of a Shattered Image
Hudson’s death on October 2, 1985, was a watershed moment. It marked not just the end of an era for Hollywood’s romantic leading men but also a profound shift in public discourse about sexuality and AIDS. The scandal and subsequent revelations about Hudson’s private life prompted widespread media coverage and public discourse on issues of sexuality, health, and identity.
In the wake of his death, Rock Hudson became a symbol of the intersection between celebrity, privacy, and societal attitudes toward LGBTQ+ individuals. His life and career became a poignant reminder of the struggles faced by those who lived in the shadows of public expectation. Hudson’s story contributed to a growing awareness of the AIDS crisis and catalyzed advocacy efforts for more research and support for those affected by the disease.
Rock Hudson’s life and career offer a compelling study of the ways in which public personas can both reflect and distort personal truths. His rise to fame as the epitome of romantic masculinity was built upon a foundation of secrecy and compromise. The eventual revelation of his sexuality and the circumstances surrounding his death exposed the fragility of his public image and highlighted the societal challenges faced by LGBTQ+ individuals.
The story of Rock Hudson is not just one of a glamorous Hollywood star but also a narrative about the collision between personal identity and public expectation. It serves as a powerful reminder of the impact of societal norms on individual lives and the enduring struggle for authenticity in the face of overwhelming pressure to conform. Through the lens of Hudson’s life, we see both the allure and the peril of living under a mask, and the profound consequences when that mask is finally removed.
Released in 1955, Rebel Without a Cause remains one of the most iconic films in American cinema. Its influence extends far beyond its immediate era, leaving a lasting imprint on various facets of culture and media, from West Side Story and Elvis Presley to George Lucas, David Bowie, Akira, Paula Abdul, and even the cult phenomenon The Room. At its core, the film presents a raw and poignant exploration of teenage angst, a theme that has resonated through generations. What makes Rebel Without a Cause even more compelling is its undercurrent of same-sex desire, which, despite the efforts of censors and studio executives to erase it, is woven into the film’s narrative and reflects the personal experiences of its creators.
A Cinematic Revolutionary
Directed by Nicholas Ray and starring James Dean, Natalie Wood, and Sal Mineo, Rebel Without a Cause broke new ground in its portrayal of youthful rebellion and disillusionment. The film’s narrative revolves around Jim Stark (Dean), a troubled teenager who struggles to find his place in a world that seems increasingly alien and hostile. Alongside him are Judy (Wood), a girl grappling with her own sense of identity, and Plato (Mineo), whose own struggles and desires are subtly but powerfully depicted.
The film’s depiction of teenage rebellion was revolutionary. It eschewed the idealized portrayals of youth prevalent in the 1950s, opting instead for a more raw and authentic representation of adolescent turmoil. The fast cars and tough talk of the film’s characters served as a veneer over deeper issues of alienation and yearning, reflecting broader societal tensions.
Subtext and Censorship
What sets Rebel Without a Cause apart is its nuanced portrayal of relationships that can be interpreted through a queer lens. Despite the film’s mainstream acceptance, its subtext has sparked considerable discussion among critics and scholars. The intense bond between Jim and Plato, in particular, is often read as a depiction of same-sex desire. The film subtly suggests a romantic undercurrent in their relationship, which was a bold move given the era’s stringent censorship rules and the Hollywood Production Code’s demands.
Studio executives and censors were acutely aware of the potential implications of these elements. They issued furious demands to cut anything that might be construed as queer, reflecting the prevailing attitudes towards homosexuality in the 1950s. Yet, despite these pressures, the film’s creators found ways to embed their personal experiences and desires into the narrative, creating a subversive work that challenged the era’s norms and expectations.
Rebel Without a Cause is often celebrated for its groundbreaking portrayal of teenage rebellion and disillusionment. Directed by Nicholas Ray and starring James Dean, Natalie Wood, and Sal Mineo, the film is a cultural touchstone that has influenced generations. While its depiction of adolescent angst is well-known, a subtler, less overtly discussed aspect of the film is its homosexual subtext. This element, which was particularly controversial given the era’s rigid social norms, adds layers of complexity to the film’s characters and relationships.
A Blueprint of Teenage Angst
Rebel Without a Cause provided a blueprint for exploring teenage angst that has reverberated throughout American culture. Its depiction of troubled youth and their quest for identity paved the way for future films and media that delved into similar themes. For instance, the themes of rebellion and disillusionment in Rebel Without a Cause can be seen echoed in the musicals of the 1960s, such as West Side Story, which borrowed from the film’s raw emotional power and its portrayal of young people caught in the grip of societal conflict.
Elvis Presley’s rebellious persona in the 1950s, while more polished and commercialized, was also a product of the cultural shift initiated by Rebel Without a Cause. The film’s impact extended to pop culture icons like David Bowie, who incorporated its themes into his music and persona, crafting characters and narratives that mirrored the film’s exploration of identity and alienation.
Influence on Modern Media
The legacy of Rebel Without a Cause extends into contemporary media, influencing a wide array of artists and creators. For instance, Akira Kurosawa’s cinematic style, while distinct, reflects a nuanced understanding of human emotion and conflict that echoes the emotional depth of Ray’s film. Similarly, Paula Abdul’s music videos often incorporate themes of youthful rebellion and self-expression reminiscent of the film’s impact.
Even cult classics like The Room, directed by Tommy Wiseau, owe a debt to the raw emotionality and unfiltered portrayal of human relationships pioneered by Rebel Without a Cause. Wiseau’s film, though often seen as a comedic disaster, shares with Ray’s film a commitment to exploring the human condition, albeit in a far less conventional manner.
The Enduring Legacy
Rebel Without a Cause stands as a testament to the power of cinema to challenge societal norms and evoke deep, often unspoken emotions. Its exploration of teenage angst and longing has influenced countless artists and filmmakers, shaping the cultural landscape in profound ways. Despite the efforts to censor its queer subtext, the film’s ability to convey complex emotions and relationships has ensured its place as a groundbreaking work in the annals of film history.
In essence, Rebel Without a Cause is not merely a film about rebellious youth; it is a profound exploration of human desire, alienation, and the search for identity. Its impact continues to be felt across various media and cultural expressions, affirming its place as a seminal work that resonates through the decades.
In the mid-1950s, Tab Hunter was at the zenith of his Hollywood career. Known for his stunning good looks and charming demeanor, he was a quintessential matinee idol. However, beneath the glossy surface of his public persona, Hunter harbored a secret that was a ticking time bomb in the conservative climate of the era: he was gay.
The story that captured public attention involves an infamous scandal orchestrated by a tabloid magazine in collaboration with an unscrupulous agent. The tabloid, seeking to exploit the private lives of celebrities for profit, got wind of Hunter’s sexuality and decided to expose it. This was not just about salacious gossip; it was a calculated move to destroy Hunter’s career by targeting the most vulnerable aspect of his life.
The tabloid’s exposé was a bombshell. The revelation came at a time when Hollywood was extremely conservative, and being openly gay could end a career. The scandal broke just as Hunter was enjoying a peak in his popularity, and the backlash was swift and severe. The public’s reaction was mixed; while some sympathized with Hunter, others were outraged or disapproving.
The impact was devastating. Studios and producers distanced themselves from Hunter, and his career, once flourishing, began to falter. His movies were pulled from theaters, and the roles he had lined up disappeared. The once-bright star of Hollywood saw his career disintegrate almost overnight.
The scandal not only affected Hunter’s professional life but also his personal well-being. He faced intense scrutiny and was subjected to public ridicule, a stark contrast to the adoration he had previously enjoyed.
Despite the overwhelming challenges, Hunter eventually made a comeback. Years later, he embraced his past with the publication of his autobiography, Tab Hunter Confidential, which candidly addressed his life and career. This book played a significant role in rehabilitating his image and brought renewed interest in his story. It also provided a nuanced perspective on his struggles and triumphs, revealing the resilience of a man who managed to turn his life around despite the odds.
The story of Tab Hunter’s rise, fall, and resurgence is a testament to his enduring talent and the complex interplay between personal identity and public perception in the entertainment industry.
In recent years, the marketing industry has seen a significant shift towards inclusivity, with companies recognizing the importance of engaging with diverse communities. One prominent example is the LGBTQIA+ community, which has been increasingly targeted by brands aiming to demonstrate their commitment to inclusivity and social responsibility. This phenomenon, often referred to as “rainbow capitalism” or “pink capitalism,” involves businesses leveraging LGBTQIA+ symbols and themes to tap into the economic potential of this community. This article delves into the implications of rainbow capitalism, its benefits, criticisms, and the underlying complexities.
The Economic Potential of the LGBTQIA+ Market
The LGBTQIA+ community holds substantial economic power, with an estimated market size of £6 billion per year in the UK and $900 billion in the US. This presents a lucrative opportunity for businesses to engage with this community. For instance, American Airlines saw a 900% increase in earnings from the LGBTQIA+ community over five years after forming a dedicated advertising team, underscoring the potential profitability of inclusive marketing strategies.
The Role of Representation
Brands are increasingly recognizing the importance of making marginalized communities feel seen and heard. Representation in advertising is a crucial aspect of this. By including LGBTQIA+ characters and themes in their campaigns, companies can foster a sense of belonging and validation among LGBTQIA+ consumers. However, this representation needs to be genuine and not merely a token gesture.
Criticisms and Concerns
Despite the potential benefits, rainbow capitalism is not without its criticisms. One major concern is the authenticity of corporate support for LGBTQIA+ rights. Critics argue that many brands only show support during Pride Month and fail to maintain this commitment throughout the year. This can lead to perceptions of inauthenticity and tokenism. For instance, Nielsen data reveals that only 1% of ads include LGBTQIA+ characters or topics outside of Pride Month.
The Concept of Good Corporate Citizenship
Good corporate citizenship involves companies acting ethically and socially responsibly, which includes supporting LGBTQIA+ rights and creating an inclusive workplace. Internal policies, such as anti-discrimination measures and domestic partnership benefits, are crucial in this regard. For example, 96% of Fortune 100 companies prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation, compared to only 57% of US states.
The Impact of Corporate Advocacy
Corporations have historically played a role in advancing LGBTQIA+ rights. Internal LGBTQIA+ employee resource groups (ERGs) have been instrumental in lobbying for anti-discrimination policies and benefits for same-sex partners. This advocacy has contributed to broader social change, such as the push for marriage equality. However, the extent to which corporate support translates into meaningful progress for all members of the LGBTQIA+ community is debatable.
Reputational Risks and Backlash
There is potential for backlash against corporate Pride campaigns from both those who feel the support is insincere and those who oppose LGBTQIA+ rights. Companies must navigate these challenges carefully to avoid alienating any key audience segments. Controversies surrounding corporate Pride campaigns and the concept of “pink capitalism” highlight the delicate balance brands must strike.
Collateral Damage and Marginalization
“Collateral damage” is a significant concern when discussing rainbow capitalism. While some LGBTQIA+ individuals may benefit from corporate support, others, particularly those on the fringes of society, may be left behind. For instance, queer people of color and those with disabilities often face higher rates of discrimination and marginalization. This underscores the need for a more inclusive approach that considers the diversity within the LGBTQIA+ community.
The Role of Alcohol Brands
The historical association between queer culture and alcohol brands has been both supportive and problematic. While these brands have been early supporters of LGBTQIA+ visibility, this relationship has also contributed to higher rates of alcohol and substance abuse within the community. Queer people are more likely to drink alcohol and to drink excessively than the population as a whole, leading to higher rates of alcohol-related health issues.
Rainbow capitalism, while presenting opportunities for visibility and economic engagement, comes with its complexities and criticisms. Authenticity, inclusivity, and a commitment to genuine support beyond mere tokenism are crucial for businesses aiming to engage with the LGBTQIA+ community meaningfully. As corporations continue to navigate this landscape, it is essential to consider the broader impact of their actions on all members of the LGBTQIA+ community, ensuring that support is both inclusive and sustained.
Hollywood’s Secret Lives: Exploring the Hidden Sexualities of Classic Cinema Icons
Hollywood’s Golden Age is often remembered for its glamorous stars, iconic films, and larger-than-life personalities. However, beneath the surface of this glitz and glamour lay a hidden reality: the true sexualities of many of its most beloved stars. For decades, these personal truths were carefully concealed to maintain the pristine public images constructed by the studios. This article delves into the hidden lives of several classic cinema icons, exploring their relationships, struggles, and the lengths to which they went to keep their true selves a secret.
Katherine Hepburn: Behind the Studio’s Veil
Katherine Hepburn, an iconic Hollywood actress and Academy Award winner, was known for her powerful performances in films such as “Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner,” “The Lion in Winter,” and “On Golden Pond.” However, behind the scenes, Hepburn’s personal life was far from the carefully curated image presented by her studio.
According to Scotty Bowers, a former “pimp” and author of “Full Service,” Hepburn had an insatiable appetite for women. Bowers claimed that Hepburn often requested his assistance in finding young, dark-haired women, specifying that they should not be too heavily made-up. Over five decades, Bowers and Hepburn developed a close friendship, with Bowers claiming to have procured over 150 women for the actress. Despite this, Hepburn’s studio maintained a narrative of a romantic relationship between her and fellow co-star Spencer Tracy. Screenwriter and gay rights activist Larry Kramer asserted that both Hepburn and Tracy were homosexual, and their supposed relationship was a facade orchestrated by the studio.
Rock Hudson: Heartthrob with a Hidden Truth
Rock Hudson, one of Hollywood’s most iconic actors, kept his homosexuality a secret for most of his life, thanks to his agent, Henry Wilson. Hudson’s relationships were carefully concealed, and when Confidential magazine threatened to expose his sexuality, Wilson protected Hudson by sacrificing another client, Tab Hunter.
Hudson was even married to his secretary, Phyllis Gates, for three years to quash rumors. However, in 1984, Hudson was diagnosed with HIV, and despite Wilson’s efforts to keep it under wraps, the news became public. Hudson became the first celebrity to have AIDS and passed away the following year, bringing his hidden life into the spotlight.
Marlene Dietrich: Defying Gender Norms
Marlene Dietrich, a product of early 20th-century Germany’s arts-centric Weimar culture, was renowned for her fearless approach to life and her unapologetic sexuality. Known for her masculine dress sense, Dietrich regularly wore pants and tuxedos, changing the perception of women’s fashion forever. She openly loved both men and women, having relationships with Kay Francis, Edith Piaf, Mercedes de Acosta, and Greta Garbo.
Dietrich’s daughter, Maria Riva, revealed in a 1992 tell-all book that her mother’s affairs with women were much more satisfying for her, despite maintaining a marriage to film producer Rudolf Sieber. Critics, however, hesitated to label Dietrich as bisexual, with film critic Kenneth Tynan remarking that she had “sex without gender.”
Greta Garbo: The Enigmatic Beauty
Greta Garbo, once considered the most beautiful woman in the world, was known for her need for privacy and her complex sexuality. Writer Diana McLellan uncovered Garbo’s passionate relationships with women, including actress Mimi Pollack and writer Mercedes da Costa, in her book. Evidence suggested Garbo also had a relationship with Marlene Dietrich when Garbo was 19.
Garbo’s publicized attachment to John Gilbert was one of her few known relationships with men, but her love letters and private life painted a different picture, highlighting her preference for relationships with women.
Cesar Romero: The Joker’s Hidden Life
Cuban-American actor Cesar Romero, best known for his role as The Joker in the original Batman film, was openly gay among his friends and colleagues. Despite his openness within the industry, Romero kept his sexuality a secret from the public throughout his career. He starred alongside notable actresses such as Marlene Dietrich and Carole Lombard, and his close friendship with Joan Crawford was well-known.
Romero’s ability to balance his private and public personas allowed him to maintain a successful career in Hollywood while living authentically within his personal life.
Cary Grant: Hollywood’s Bisexual Star
Cary Grant, a Hollywood heartthrob, had relationships with both men and women, according to the documentary “Women He’s Undressed.” Grant’s long-term relationship with Australian costume designer Orry-Kelly was marked by both passion and conflict. Forced to repress his sexuality due to Hollywood’s homophobic studio system, Grant’s relationship with Kelly sometimes turned abusive.
Despite the pressures, Grant’s bisexuality and his relationships were a significant part of his life, influencing his interactions and personal struggles within the Hollywood landscape.
Tab Hunter: The Struggle for Acceptance
Discovered at age 17, Tab Hunter was known more for his looks than his acting ability. To maintain his popularity among young female fans, Hunter kept his sexuality a secret. He felt isolated, caught between casual homophobia and the flagrantly gay Hollywood subculture. After being arrested at a gay party in 1950, his agent later leaked this information to protect Rock Hudson from an exposé.
Hunter’s long-term relationship with Anthony Perkins was a defining part of his life, revealed in his 2005 memoir, “Tab Hunter Confidential.”
Ramon Novarro: A Tragic End
Mexican-American actor Ramon Novarro, once a rival to Rudolph Valentino, struggled with his homosexuality due to his Roman Catholic upbringing. After his contract with MGM ended, Novarro found it difficult to secure roles. His relationships with men, including journalist Herbert Howe, were part of his private life.
Tragically, Novarro was murdered in 1968 by two brothers who offered sex in exchange for money. His death sensationalized his sexuality, overshadowing his film legacy for younger audiences.
Patsy Kelly: Hollywood’s Open Secret
Patsy Kelly, known for her roles in 1930s comedies, was openly gay during her career. She lived with her girlfriend and had a relationship with actress Tallulah Bankhead. Kelly’s openness likely affected her career, relegating her to supporting roles, but she remains a cult classic icon.
Ruby Dandridge: Overcoming the Shadows
Although not as well-known as her daughter Dorothy Dandridge, Ruby Dandridge had a significant presence in Hollywood. She appeared in major films such as “King Kong” and “Cabin in the Sky,” often uncredited. Ruby left her husband and lived with Geneva Williams, who was described as her “lifelong companion.” Williams helped raise Ruby’s daughters while she pursued her acting career after moving to Los Angeles in 1929.
The lives of these Hollywood icons reveal a complex web of hidden truths and carefully constructed facades. Despite the oppressive social norms of their time, many of these stars found ways to express their true selves, even if only behind closed doors. Their stories highlight the challenges and resilience of LGBTQ+ individuals in an era that demanded conformity, leaving behind a legacy of courage and authenticity that continues to inspire.
Between 2006 and 2024, London witnessed a dramatic decline in its LGBTQ+ venues, with more than half shutting their doors. The Greater London Authority data revealed a significant drop from 125 venues to just 50. This trend is part of a broader challenge facing nightlife in the capital, exacerbated by economic pressures and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Economic Pressures and Rising Costs
The closures of LGBTQ+ venues can be attributed to several interconnected factors. The cost-of-living crisis and rising rents have made it increasingly difficult for venue operators to sustain their businesses. Hospitality, particularly nightlife, has faced unprecedented challenges, including higher expenses for goods due to Brexit and reduced disposable income among young people, who are spending more on rent and less on leisure activities.
The Impact of the Pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted London’s nightlife, with the Night Time Industries Association reporting that nearly a quarter of all nightclubs in the city closed during this period. The number of nightclubs fell by 22% from 256 in 2019 to 198 in 2022. The pandemic not only disrupted business operations but also changed consumer behaviours and increased financial uncertainties.
Efforts to Stem the Decline
Despite these challenges, there have been concerted efforts to support and protect LGBTQ+ venues. Amy Lamé, London’s Night Czar, highlighted the importance of nightlife to the city’s economic and social recovery. Initiatives like the London Plan, the LGBTQI+ Venues Forum, and the Culture and Community Spaces at Risk Office have been instrumental in these efforts.
“I’m proud that we have been able to stem this decline by protecting venues through the London Plan, and supporting operators through the LGBTQI+ Venues Forum and our Culture and Community Spaces at Risk Office,” Lamé said.
The Closure and Rebirth of Iconic Venues
The narrative of London’s LGBTQ+ venues is not solely one of decline but also of resilience and rebirth. The Glory in Haggerston, a well-known venue, closed in January 2023 due to the impracticality of operating amidst nearby developers’ construction work. Co-owner John Sizzle explained that the plans, which included using portable toilets and reducing venue capacity, made continuing business unviable. Sizzle also pointed to broader challenges such as the cost-of-living crisis and reduced spending power among young people.
However, the closure of The Glory led to the opening of a new venue, The Divine, in Dalston. Sizzle expressed his excitement about the new venture, emphasizing the importance of such spaces for cultural evolution and personal expression within the LGBTQ+ community.
“These are safe spaces where people can express themselves, discover their own gender, sexuality, develop their performance art… that’s why they exist,” he said.
The Long Battle for The Black Cap
The Black Cap in Camden, another iconic LGBTQ+ venue, has faced a long battle to reopen since its closure in 2015. The pub, which has been a part of Camden High Street for over 250 years, was known for its vibrant drag performances and historical significance to the LGBTQ+ community. Campaigners have gathered outside the pub every Saturday since it closed, emphasizing its cultural importance and advocating for its reopening.
Despite being designated as an Asset of Community Value, preventing any change in its use without planning permission, The Black Cap remains shut. However, there is hope on the horizon. Plans to reopen the venue have been submitted, and the consultation period is underway.
Activist Alex Green highlighted the broader issue of venue closures across London, noting that the loss of venues is often due to development and overseas investment rather than discrimination.
“Most of those venues close, not just the LGBT venues, all venues, all those loss of pubs – the majority of those have closed historically because of development, because of overseas investment, because of the ease of that,” Green explained.
A Future for London’s LGBTQ+ Nightlife
The ongoing efforts to protect and revive LGBTQ+ venues in London reflect a broader commitment to preserving the city’s diverse cultural heritage. Night Czar Amy Lamé’s work with venues like The Glory and The Black Cap demonstrates a proactive approach to ensuring these spaces can continue to serve their communities.
As the city navigates its economic recovery post-pandemic, the resilience and adaptability of London’s LGBTQ+ nightlife offer a hopeful outlook. The story of venues like The Divine and the potential reopening of The Black Cap illustrate the community’s determination to maintain and celebrate its cultural spaces, despite the challenges they face.
While the past decade and a half has seen a significant decline in the number of LGBTQ+ venues in London, the efforts to support and revive these spaces are a testament to their importance. As London looks to the future, the preservation and growth of its LGBTQ+ nightlife will continue to be a vital part of its cultural and social fabric.en’s party to join Zemmour — didn’t endorse a possible alliance with Le Pen, in case she wins the second round.
Jeremy Joseph, the dynamic owner of the G-A-Y nightclub chain, shares intimate details about the early days of the iconic club, his encounters with gangsters, and the pop star who delivered the most lackluster performance in the club’s history. This article explores Jeremy’s journey from an aspiring TV presenter to a nightclub mogul, shedding light on the trials, triumphs, and unforgettable moments that defined G-A-Y.
Early Life: From TV Dreams to DJ Booths
Jeremy Joseph’s roots are firmly planted in London soil. Growing up, he harbored dreams of becoming a TV presenter, a goal that led him into the world of DJ-ing as a means to hone his presenting skills.
“I was one of those annoying talking DJs,” Jeremy recalls, referring to his early days at The Royal Oak in Hammersmith. In those times, LGBT pubs featured DJs who not only spun records but also engaged the audience with lively banter and introduced cabaret acts between songs. It was in this vibrant, community-driven environment that Jeremy found his footing.
His foray into event promotion began somewhat serendipitously. Initially, he organized one-off events for the promoters of Bang!, a popular club night. His knack for promotion quickly became evident, and soon he was entrusted with running their Saturday night party at LA2, a club space beneath The Astoria.
Launching G-A-Y: The Birth of an Icon
A fallout with the Bang! promoters led to a pivotal moment in Jeremy’s career. The owners of The Astoria approached him with an offer to take over the running of their Saturday night event. Although initially conflicted, Jeremy decided to embrace the opportunity, a decision that would lead to the birth of G-A-Y.
Needing a new name for the night, Jeremy looked no further than his own radio show on Spectrum Radio, aptly titled “G-A-Y.” The name perfectly encapsulated the essence of what he aimed to achieve with the nightclub – a celebration of queer identity and culture.
Musical Acts: From Divas to Pop Icons
One of the defining features of G-A-Y was its ability to attract major pop stars. In its early days, Jeremy booked dance music divas like Kym Mazelle and Jocelyn Brown. The turning point came when he secured 80s Eurovision winners Bucks Fizz to perform.
“It was this huge pop party and I’d never felt anything like it before,” Jeremy reflects. “That was when I knew this was the beginning of something special.”
As word spread, the club began to draw bigger names. Icons like Dannii and Kylie Minogue, Steps, and the Spice Girls graced the G-A-Y stage, transforming it into a must-visit venue for pop music lovers.
Saying Goodbye to The Astoria: The End of an Era
The Astoria’s closure in 2009, due to the Crossrail project, marked a significant shift in London’s queer scene. The project, which aimed to improve transportation infrastructure, resulted in the demolition of several key venues, including The Astoria, Ghetto, and First Out Cafe.
“Well, the rumours of Crossrail had been going for years… And we kind of thought it was never going to happen,” Jeremy recalls. But when it did, the reality was a shock.
Jeremy adapted by purchasing Heaven nightclub in 2009, where G-A-Y found a new home. Despite the move, Jeremy still fondly remembers The Astoria. “I didn’t want to leave. It wasn’t a choice,” he says. “We had something really, really special.”
Community and Change: The 90s LGBT Scene
Reflecting on the 90s, Jeremy highlights the strong sense of community within LGBT venues. “We didn’t have equality. LGBT venues were much more community-oriented. They were even safer spaces because people were not as out as they are now. Sometimes, going out was the only time people could be themselves.”
During this time, the LGBT community faced significant challenges, including the AIDS crisis and widespread discrimination. “We were fighting for so many different things: to serve in the armed forces, for an equal age of consent,” Jeremy explains. “Venues were much more community-oriented because there was a fight on our hands. We were fighting the government, public opinion, and for our lives.”
The Promoter’s Journey: Navigating Tough Terrain
Jeremy’s journey wasn’t without its hurdles. The nightclub scene in the 90s was often dominated by unsavory characters. “Venues were run by gangsters. They were not easy people to work for,” Jeremy reveals. He recounts the difficult decision he faced when tensions between Bang! and The Astoria owners came to a head.
“I was given the ultimatum: go with Bang! or stay and keep this going. That was my livelihood. It wasn’t just about me; DJs and staff’s jobs were on the line. I took the risk and decided to take it on,” Jeremy says. With the Bang! name no longer an option, he rebranded the night using the now-familiar G-A-Y title from his radio show.
The Evolution of G-A-Y
From its humble beginnings in the basement of The Astoria, G-A-Y grew into an institution. Jeremy’s ability to navigate the complex and often perilous nightclub industry, combined with his passion for creating a safe and inclusive space, ensured the club’s success.
The Pressure to Succeed
Jeremy reflects on the pressure to succeed, especially after giving up his secure job at The Royal Oak. “I had given up everything to do this,” he says. “I had to make it work because otherwise I’d be out of work.”
Despite the challenges, including financial exploitation by those in control, Jeremy persevered. “When you work for gangsters, you get ripped off all the time. People see a packed night and think you’re earning millions, but you’re not because these people are ripping you off,” he explains.
Changing Times: A Safer, More Inclusive Scene
Jeremy acknowledges that the nightclub industry has changed significantly since the 90s. “It’s a very different time now,” he says. “What went on in the 90s and early 2000s and what goes on now are two different times. Security controls a lot of things now.”
Despite the negative aspects of working under gangster influence, Jeremy notes a surprising upside: safety. “In a way, it kept LGBT people safe. These were people you didn’t argue with. It was like when people talk about the Kray twins and how the East End was safer because of their control. It was the same in clubbing; you were kind of protected.”
The Legacy Continues
Today, G-A-Y continues to thrive, hosting performances by contemporary pop stars and maintaining its status as a cornerstone of London’s LGBT nightlife. Jeremy Joseph’s journey from aspiring TV presenter to iconic club promoter is a testament to his resilience, creativity, and unwavering commitment to the community he loves.
Through the highs and lows, Jeremy’s passion for creating a vibrant, safe, and inclusive space for the LGBT community has never wavered. His story is a powerful reminder of the impact one person can have on an entire community, transforming dreams into reality against all odds.pen question. Nicolas Bay and Gilbert Collard — two MEPs who left Le Pen’s party to join Zemmour — didn’t endorse a possible alliance with Le Pen, in case she wins the second round.
Pop music is experiencing a revival of its playful and daring spirit, and at the forefront of this movement is Chappell Roan. With her exuberant debut album, The Rise And Fall Of A Midwest Princess, released in September, Roan narrates the journey of a closeted, small-town girl navigating her way through the complexities of the world.
This album is a vibrant blend of outrageous lyrical twists and scorching-hot melodies, making it one of the most provocatively engaging records in recent memory. The 26-year-old artist paints vivid scenes of passion and liberation—she sings about having sex in the passenger seat of a car, streaking through the streets of New York, and making out with her best friend, all while whimsically reasoning, “We could go to hell, but we’ll probably be fine.”
While these lyrics suggest a life of reckless abandon, they also reflect a deeper autobiographical thread. Born and raised in the conservative city of Willard, Missouri, Roan—real name Kayleigh Amstutz—grew up attending church three times a week and internalizing the belief that being gay was a sin. This strict upbringing created a stark contrast to the persona she would later adopt.
A Young Star is Born
Roan’s musical journey began in an unexpected way. At the age of 17, she was discovered on YouTube. “I was just a YouTube girl,” she recalls. She had uploaded some songs she wrote at a summer camp, and these caught the attention of major record labels. “I showcased and auditioned for Republic Records and got calls from Columbia, Capitol, and Atlantic. I chose Atlantic and was signed to them for five years,” she explains.
Despite the excitement of landing a major record deal, the experience was fraught with challenges. “It was a horrible, horrible record deal,” Roan admits. “But I didn’t know any better. I was literally a minor.” Her lack of industry knowledge, coupled with the predatory nature of the music business, made this period particularly tough. However, the difficulties she faced during those formative years became invaluable learning experiences. “That journey was so tenacious, and I learned so much. It got me to where I am today.”
Finding Her Own Voice
Leaving the label was a pivotal moment for Roan. It allowed her to escape the confines of needing others’ approval and start making music for herself. “I always had access to my own self, but they just didn’t like it,” she says. The departure gave her the freedom to embrace her true artistic vision, which is evident in her current work. Tracks like “After Midnight” from her debut album, inspired by her father’s saying “nothing good happens after midnight,” showcase her ability to transform personal experiences into catchy, bubblegum pop.
Embracing Queerness
Roan’s album also marks a significant journey in her personal life, particularly in accepting her queerness. Songs like “Naked in Manhattan” and “Red Wine Supernova” reflect her exploration and realization of her identity. Despite being in a relationship with a man for part of the album’s creation, she wrote many queer songs inspired by daydreams and fantasies. “I found my queerness and my identity through the imagery of the album—the music videos, the photos, the outfits, and the makeup,” she explains. This creative process helped her connect deeply with the drag community and solidify her understanding of herself.
The Drag Queen Within
A defining moment for Roan was being told by a drag queen in London that she is, in fact, a drag queen. This revelation was transformative, helping her separate her stage persona from her personal life. “Chappell Roan is my drag project, and it’s been very freeing,” she says. This duality allows her to navigate the demanding nature of the music industry while protecting her true self.
Protecting Herself
Roan is acutely aware of the importance of protecting herself in an industry that often rewards those who neglect their well-being. “You really flourish if you don’t protect yourself,” she observes, noting the pressure to prioritize success over mental health. However, she is determined to maintain a healthy balance, recognizing that pop music, at its core, is just a job. “I don’t plan on doing this forever. I need to have an identity outside of this and protect myself for the future,” she asserts.
Validation and Recognition
Despite the challenges, Roan’s dedication to her true self has garnered significant recognition. Receiving praise from icons like Elton John and Olivia Rodrigo has been particularly validating. “It really validated that my gut is right,” she says, expressing gratitude for the acknowledgment from artists she admires.
Chappell Roan’s music captures the essence of youthful defiance and the quest for identity, wrapped in infectious pop melodies that are reinvigorating the genre. Through her work, she offers a voice to those who have felt repressed, celebrating freedom, self-discovery, and the joy of breaking free from societal constraints.
